第一部分：阅读 Text 2 解析

原文与译文

【原文】

It is a wise father that knows his own child, but today a man who has succeeded in business is also very likely to be able to manage a preschool child. What do words like these, spoken in the past, have to do with your chances for success in the 21st century?

There is a new kind of discourse in America today: the language of environmentalism. This is a language that everyone should learn, as your very life may depend on it. But it is also a language that has the potential to create a lot of confusion.

Take the word "sustainable." To many, it means "environmentally friendly." But to others, it means "economically viable." And to still others, it means "socially equitable." The problem is that these three meanings are not always compatible. A policy that is environmentally sustainable may not be economically sustainable, and vice versa. For example, a logging company might want to cut down trees in a wise and responsible manner. This could be seen as environmentally sustainable. But if the trees are not cut down, the company will go out of business. This would not be economically sustainable for the company or for the workers. Similarly, a policy that is economically sustainable might not be socially sustainable. For instance, a company might cut costs by laying off workers. This might be good for the company's bottom line, but it would not be socially sustainable if it leads to widespread unemployment and social unrest.

So, what does "sustainable" really mean? It means a way of life that can continue for a long time without causing serious harm to the environment, the economy, or society. It is a delicate balance. We need to find a way to meet our current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

This is not an easy task. It requires a new way of thinking. We must learn to see the big picture. We must understand that the environment, the economy, and society are all interconnected. We cannot solve one problem without considering the others. It is a complex challenge, but it is one that we must face.

【参考译文】

“知子莫若父”，但如今，一个在商界成功的人，也很可能懂得如何管好一个学龄前儿童，过去说的这些话,与你21世纪的成功机会又有什么关系呢？

当今美国出现了一种新的话语：环保主义语言，这是一种每个人都应该学习的语言，因为你的生命可能就依赖于它,但这也是一种可能造成大量困惑的语言。

以“可持续的”这个词为例，对许多人来说，它的意思是“对环境友好的”，但对另一些人来说，它的意思是“经济上可行的”，而对还有其他人来说，它的意思是“社会公平的”，问题在于，这三个意思并不总是兼容的，一项环境上可持续的政策可能不是经济上可持续的，反之亦然，一家伐木公司可能希望以一种明智且负责任的方式砍伐树木，这可以被看作是环境上可持续的，但如果树木不被砍伐，公司就会倒闭，这对公司或其员工来说，就不是经济上可持续的，同样，一项经济上可持续的政策也可能不是社会可持续的，一家公司可能通过裁员来削减成本，这对公司的盈利能力可能是有益的，但如果它导致大规模失业和社会动荡,那就不是社会可持续的。

“可持续的”究竟是什么意思呢？它指的是一种能够长期存在、不对环境、经济或社会造成严重危害的生活方式，这是一种微妙的平衡，我们需要找到一种方法来满足我们当前的需求,同时又不损害后代满足他们自己需求的能力。

这并非易事，它需要一种新的思维方式，我们必须学会纵观全局，我们必须明白，环境、经济和社会都是相互关联的，不考虑其他方面，我们无法解决任何一个问题，这是一个复杂的挑战,但我们必须面对它。

核心词汇与短语

• discourse /'dɪskɔːs/ n. 话语，谈话，论述
• environmentalism /ɪnˌvaɪrən'mentəlɪzəm/ n. 环境保护主义，环保论
• sustainable /səˈsteɪnəbl/ adj. 可持续的，可维持的
• compatible /kəmˈpætəbl/ adj. 兼容的，可共存的
• logging company 伐木公司
• go out of business 破产，倒闭
• lay off workers 解雇工人
• bottom line 底线，最终结果，利润
• widespread unemployment 大规模失业
• social unrest 社会动荡
• compromise /'kɒmprəmaɪz/ v. 损害，危及，妥协
• interconnected /ˌɪntəkə'nektɪd/ adj. 相互连接的，相互关联的

长难句分析

原句： It is a wise father that knows his own child, but today a man who has succeeded in business is also very likely to be able to manage a preschool child.

• 结构分析：
  • 这是一个由 but 连接的并列句。
  • 第一部分 It is a wise father that knows his own child 是一个强调句型，结构为 It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 其他部分，这里强调的是主语 a wise father。
  • 第二部分 today a man who has succeeded in business is also very likely to be able to manage a preschool child 中，who has succeeded in business 是定语从句，修饰 a man。
• 翻译技巧： 强调句直接翻译为“正是……才……”,后半句按正常语序翻译即可。
• 译文： “知子莫若父”（强调句意译），但如今，一个在商界成功的人,也很可能懂得如何管好一个学龄前孩子。

原句： But it is also a language that has the potential to create a lot of confusion.

• 结构分析：
  • 主干：it is also a language。
  • that has the potential to create a lot of confusion 是一个定语从句，修饰 a language。
• 翻译技巧： 将定语从句处理成前置定语，或拆分成一个独立的分句,这里处理成前置定语更简洁。
• 译文： 但这也是一种可能造成大量困惑的语言。

原句： A policy that is environmentally sustainable may not be economically sustainable, and vice versa.

• 结构分析：
  • A policy 是主语。
  • that is environmentally sustainable 是定语从句，修饰 A policy。
  • may not be economically sustainable 是谓语部分。
  • and vice versa 是一个固定短语，表示“反之亦然”。
• 翻译技巧： vice versa 是考研高频词，必须掌握,直接翻译即可。
• 译文： 一项环境上可持续的政策可能不是经济上可持续的,反之亦然。

原句： We need to find a way to meet our current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

• 结构分析：
  • 主干：We need to find a way...。
  • to meet our current needs 是不定式作后置定语，修饰 a way。
  • without compromising... 是介词短语作状语,表示方式或条件。
  • of future generations to meet their own needs 是不定式作后置定语，修饰 the ability。
• 翻译技巧： 这个句子结构清晰，按中文语序调整即可，将两个不定式短语分别翻译成“满足……需求的能力”和“满足他们自己需求的能力”。
• 译文： 我们需要找到一种方法来满足我们当前的需求,同时又不损害后代满足他们自己需求的能力。

文章结构与主旨

• 结构： 总分总结构。
  • 第一段（引子）： 通过一个谚语引出话题，暗示过去和现在对“能力”的定义不同，并抛出核心问题：过去的话与21世纪的成功有何关系？
  • 第二段（提出核心概念）： 直接点明核心概念——“环保主义语言”，并指出其重要性（关乎生命）和潜在问题（造成困惑）。
  • 第三、四段（举例论证）： 以关键词“sustainable”为例，详细阐述其多重含义（环境、经济、社会）及其内在矛盾,解释为什么这个概念会造成困惑。
  • **第五、六段（